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Emerging Threat

Understanding members of the coronavirus family – similarities and differences

24 February 2020

Emerging Threat

Since it was identified last December in China, the world has been anxiously watching the spread of a new form of coronavirus. Named SARS-CoV-2 (causing COVID-19 disease), it's one of seven coronaviruses now known to infect humans, including some responsible for the relatively mild common cold, and others causing far more serious diseases. The current epidemic is the third instance of previously-unknown zoonotic coronaviruses, transmitted from animals to humans, causing major outbreaks. SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) coronavirus, linked to bats and civet cats, infected over 8000 people in a 2003 epidemic, while MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronavirus (pictured in blue), transmitted via camels, emerged in Saudi Arabia in 2013, where it still causes sporadic outbreaks. Initially picked up from animals, SARS, MERS, and SARS-CoV-2 can all be transmitted between humans too, facilitating their spread. In our highly connected world, controlling such newly-emerged diseases represents a major challenge for global health.

Written by Emmanuelle Briolat

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BPoD stands for Biomedical Picture of the Day. Managed by the MRC Laboratory of Medical Sciences until Jul 2023, it is now run independently by a dedicated team of scientists and writers. The website aims to engage everyone, young and old, in the wonders of biology, and its influence on medicine. The ever-growing archive of more than 4000 research images documents over a decade of progress. Explore the collection and see what you discover. Images are kindly provided for inclusion on this website through the generosity of scientists across the globe.

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